The Utilization of Organic Waste Materials for Biofuel Production

The drill of goods and services of Organic Waste Materials for Bio go off ware A Research Paper Presented to prof Janet Clemente Mapua Institute of Technology in pauseial fulfillment of the prayments in face for Academic Purposes 2 (ENG11) by Hazel Joy H. Arellano Al Joseph R. Jimeno February 2012 abduct The increasing criticism of the first- contemporaries bio go off has increase the dominance of the so-called twinkling- genesis biofuel. These include any(prenominal) organic industrial, commercial, domestic and boorish uses. These residues and by-products is a potential feedstock in the labor of this biofuel.This paper pass oning attempt to determine the different potential electric shocks of the number generation biofuel on the society comp ar to the first generation biofuel and what would be the possible come out of the closetcome if this was continuously used. An interview was conducted at the Department of Biomass, DOE, on the theatre director of the said dep artment, Andresito Ulgado. It contri howevered a divvy up on the progress of this research. As we go through this research, biofuel from organic thriftlessness materials has potential on frugal, surroundings and social allude.This really forgets benefits on the economy of a pastoral and write outs addiction of contradictory fuels. In terms of the milieual impact, these biofuels doesnt hundred part lessen the environmental difficultys scarce rather it could develop juvenile environmental problems. The quality of the s oil may be greatly affected and may lead to soil erosion and a lot of water system f trim backpot be thriftlessnessd be incur crops baseation demands a lot of water. But this biofuel pot lessen greenhouse gases and CO2. On social impact, these biofuel could provide and opened bracing jobs deal biomass transportation, biomass collection and a lot, but jobs atomic number 18 limited.In other words, these biofuel has everywherebearing impact on t he economy of a country and socially but not contribute hundred percent on the environment. To the future researchers, these discipline is a great thing to research on, maybe they could research on how extensive these biofuels from organic ingest materials is used in a proper(postnominal) country or in the world. we draw a lot of waste and this is a potential feedstock for biofuel intersection But, I believe this is a potential one. A. Ulgado The business of biofuels has been rapidly increasing over the last decades but these biofuels has raised some important concerns.In particular, first generation biofuels from secure intellectual nourishments has been very(prenominal) moot regarding its negative impact in the society, blamed to cause deforestation, displacement of viands crops and increases the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. For biofuels to be truly sustainable they need to be produce without affecting the sustenance w are. So, scientists argon maturation fuel out of anything, from organic waste and rotting garbage. These organic wastes atomic number 18 potential feedstock for minute of arc generation biofuels. Sustainable biofuel from organic waste materials leave behind provide benefits compared to first-generation biofuels.These are expected to provide advantages and implications in the economy, environment and social life. The researchers came with this stand because of the continuous unprecedented high price of fossil fuels and the controversies that first-generation biofuels faced, which has a negative consequence on the society. As Andresito Ulgado, director of the Department of Biomass, stated, we generate a lot of waste and from this, we foundation produce biofuels. But since these second-generation biofuels are not unless exploit, thither are possibilities that these are less effective compared to fossil fuels and take a leak limited applications.These biofuels are seen as a commercial risk because these entrust r equire complex logistics system and good infrastructure. Financing these projects would be very costly for it provide require ten times as ofttimes capital as a first generation plant of the aforesaid(prenominal) capacity. This research paper will focus on the benefits of biofuel from organic waste materials on economy, environment and social life. The researchers will find out why these biofuels are expected to resolve all the problems that the first generation biofuel put up. The biofuel gives us sustainable alternatives and is renewable.In the side by side(p) twenty dollar bill-five years, it is believe that the world market, which is our primary start of imported fuel like fossil fuel will assort out soon. That is why biofuels in the form of liquid fuels derive from plant materials are entering the market driven by factors such as oil price hikes and the need for increased energy security. However, many of this biofuel that are currently supplied has been criticized for th e adverse impacts on the natural environment, food security, and prop up use-these are the first generation biofuels or the biofuel from basic foods.Most of our neighboring countries use biofuel from staple foods like corns and rice. But in the Philippines, the Biofuel Act of 2006, specifically says that corn, rice, and other staple foods give the bouncenot be used for biofuel yield instead sugar privye and coconut oil is used because of the surplus production of oil and sugar here in the Philippines. Due to the increasing criticism of the sustainability of many first generation biofuel, scientists are trying to make better use of crop residues and by-products by converting into the next generation biofuel.These includes any substantialness, liquid, and gaseous fuel produced either directly from plants or indirectly from organic, industrial, commercial, domestic, or agricultural waste- or the so-called Second generation Biofuel. The challenge is to support the biofuel developmen t including the development of new cellulose technologies with the responsible policies and economic instruments to supporter ensure that biofuel commercialization is sustainable. These biofuels will not tho help the earth abbreviate greenhouse gases, toxics, and pollution but it will to a fault help our economic position.Utilizing the second generation biofuel will resolve the release regarding on food production, provides energy security, let down dependence on foreign source of oil and other fuels, and economic boost for agriculture and fabrication. over the last decade, the production of the first generation biofuel has been questioned about its negative impact on food production because it consumes almost three-fourths of the agriculture sector, which is aid to use for food plantation. Due to the demand of land, food production has greatly affected resulting to food shortage and price hikes.But not as like as the first generation biofuel, the second generation has noth ing to do with the deflation on food production because all it need is the residues from the crops harvested, basically the crops will be still useful especially on foods. When agriculture land is only tend for food production in that locationfore on that point would be a large production of crops and the to a greater extent crops that is being produced, the more residues can be get from it in order to produce a large-scale production of biofuels, too. A large-scale production of a country will ensure and provide energy security within its territory which lessens worriness.Replacing fossil oil because of its prices on the rise, with a renewable energy source will reduce from import these oil products. Biofuel were seen as substitutes for gaseous state and petroleum-based diesel, the idea that these can reduce dependency on fossil fuels has led the government to assist it. In the Philippines, deuce percent of biodiesel were added to diesel and ten percent of bioethanol in gasol ine which only proves that the utilization of biofuel reduces the dependency of the country on fossil fuel.As Andresito Ulgado, director of the Department of Biomass, DOE mentioned that the government has been looking at increasing the move of biodiesel to three to five percent and twenty percent of bioethanol. He accentuate that there are considerations need to be considered especially to those who use vehicles twenty years older. at that place are cases in which these vehicles cannot use high conflate of biofuel. However, the government is looking forward at maximizing biofuels so that the country can minimize its dependency on imported fuels.And importing fuel on other countries has fluctuated dramatically in most emerging and ontogeny countries over the past several years. Thus, if use in the domestic markets the second generation could contribute to reduced expenditures for imports. In this case we can assuage a lot of our foreign currency savings and if we exported some of our biofuel products to other countries especially for those countries which really uses biofuels, these could really boost our economy, which figuratively means that there are more jobs to be offered, from the farming industry to the transportation production.Biofuels onwards had faced controversies regarding its negative impact on the environment. A new flying field by economists at Oregon State University questions the cost-effectiveness of biofuels. Bill Jaeger, the lead author of the study, points out that the biofuels increase the greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels were initially seen as a solution to energy and environmental problems because the nose candy dioxide thats emitted when theyre burned is equivalent to what they had abstracted from the atmosphere when the crops were growing.Therefore, biofuels were assumed to add little or no coulomb dioxide to the atmosphere. But the bigger picture is more complex in part because biofuels are produced and transported usin g fossil fuels. Depending on the feedstock choice and the cultivation techniques, second-generation biofuels production utilizes wastes and residues. These include organic waste materials which are generated from agricultural facilities, forestry mills and in urban areas. In urban areas, organic wastes include portions of municipal solid waste, grass clippings and land clearing activities.Second-generation biofuels provide environmental impact depending on different aspects land, water, climate change and biodiversity. Lands before were used for production of crops mean for biofuels causing negative impacts like affecting food production and rise food prices. Unlike first-generation biofuels, utilizing organic wastes and residues has a minimal direct impact on food production for it will no longer require lands. Furthermore, it will help lessens the problems of disposing.These will excessively reduce the problems in clearing fields. Clearing of fields, which requires burning will not be a problem anymore because the waste will depart feedstock for the production of fuel. Therefore, these will cause significant reductions in air pollution. In some soil, removal of waste and residue can be sustainable and beneficial for some crops as it may help control pests and diseases, increase soil temperature in run facilitating spring germination (Andrews, 2008).However, removing residues on soil could reduce the soil quality, promote erosion and lead to a loss of carbon, which, in turn, low production of crops. Future production of second-generation biofuels will also have an impact on water. The increasing demands for biofuel produced from organic waste will increase the pressure on clean water resources. Since there is a demand for biofuel, then there is also a demand for organic waste materials and most of the wastes are produced from crops. These will require large quantities of water to grow certain(prenominal) feedstock.The use of residues may have negative o r positive impacts on biodiversity. As compared to the first-generation biofuels, the use of agricultural and forestry wastes are expected to have a lower impact on biodiversity. However, these will reduce the amount of decaying wood and could hence cause reductions in habitats and disturbance of wildlife due to increased forest access. There is also a possibility that native forests will be sullen into plantation to increase the add, which in turn, reduces plant biodiversity.In terms of reducing lifecycle carbon emissions, second-generation biofuels appear to have higher greenhouse gas mitigation compared to first-generation. These second-generation biofuels could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90% relative to fossil fuels. However, these results have been calculated for theoretical biofuel production concepts that are only just at the pilot /demonstration stage and not yet operating on a commercial stage (OECD, 2008). Another impact of these second generation biofuels to th e society is its potential to provide life to mankind.Most commentators believe that the development of bioenergy industry in a region will provide jobs, and that bioenergy and biofuels enterprises can become important opportunities for improving rural economies in both developed and developing countries. Job creation and regional growth are considered as two of the main social driven for the implementation of biofuel project. For second generation biofuel, there are new job opportunities along the entire pathway from biomass production or collection, to biomass transport, biomass handling, change and finally product distribution.In Europe, predictions estimate that the increase in energy provided from biofuel production could result in the creation of over 515,000 new jobs by 2020 taking into account the direct, and indirect subsidy effects of employment, and the jobs displaced in conventional energy technologies. Selling forestry by-products or residues would be beneficial for t he 12 million people that live in or near to the forests of Mexico. The added care for to forestry products could also reduce the high deforestation rate in Mexico, since deforestation often results from the absence of economic alternatives. IEA, 2010) Though there are a lot of new jobs opened, some of these are limited. Like for example, the collection of agricultural and forestry residue could also be done by the selfsame(prenominal) workers tangled in the main agricultural and forestry products. Downstream processes like biomass transport and conversion may offer more jobs considering the increasing demand of biomass for biofuel production but these will require more equal workers given the complexity of second-generation biofuel technology.Skilled engineers to lot plant operations and oversee complex production processes are relatively difficult to find since unskilled and cheap labour force is long in developing countries. Just like what Andresito Ulgado said, if we will be resuscitate our rural economy, there will be an effect not only to those who are working in the biofuel production facility but same as through to the people around us because there will be a triggering effect. An example is if there is a plant in a certain area then there would be also a demand for that certain product in that particular production facility.If there would be a biofuel plantation in a certain area then there is a demand for fuel in which more job opportunities can be offered. Biofuels have been receiving greater guardianship in the recent years from researchers, industrialists, environmentalists, and national governments across the world. But over the past decades linkages between biofuels from staple foods and agriculture market, same as through to the environment has been analysed. Therefore scientists are trying to produce the next generation biofuel out of organic waste to meet the high demand of the fuel consumers.This will be a great help since the world market, where we are import our fuel, will be run out soon. These biofuels from organic waste is not just an alternative source of energy but can also contribute to our economic status, environment and even provide nutriment for the people. Economic impacts include reducing dependency on fossil fuels, provide energy security, generate foreign savings, economic boost and resolve issues regarding the food production. They appear to have higher greenhouse gas mitigation compared to first-generation biofuels.Thus, these fuels can reduce the lifecycle carbon emission. However, in some aspects of the environment, these have negative impacts in which utilizing organic waste lessens the fertility of soil, consumes a large quantity of water and affects the biodiversity. For second generation biofuel, there are new jobs along the entire pathway from biomass production or collection, to biomass transport, biomass handling, conversion and finally product distribution. much jobs can be offere d since there is a demand in the supply of residues and wastes.But there are some cases in which more skilled and qualified workers are needed to manage the biofuel plantation given the complexity of second-generation biofuel technologies. We generate a lot of organic waste and residues and these are available as feedstock for biofuel production. There are possibilities that these will enter the domestic market on the next twenty years. The reason why it was not yet commercialized is because of the expensive technology that will be used in converting these wastes into a more useful one.Another factor that are seen into this biofuel is it helps on our economic status especially on food production and in saving up more foreign currency because we will no longer importing fossil fuels from other countries and can boost our agriculture and industry. On environment that can reduce CO2 and can provide new livelihood to other people. In other words, these biofuel will result into a more pr ogress, more eco-friendly and more stable world.Utilizing these will reduce issues on food production and greenhouse gases, providing benefits in the society. Therefore, sustainable biofuel from organic waste will provide and probably will provide the source of energy in the future. 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